Paul addresses the challenging question of whether God is unjust when He shows mercy to some and judgment to others. The fundamental issue is that we project our changeable human nature onto God, but Scripture reveals that God never changes. His character forms the foundation of all that is good, just, and righteous. God is glorified both in showing mercy to undeserving sinners and in demonstrating compassion that seeks what is truly best for people. The example of Pharaoh illustrates how hearts become hardened against God through repeated rejection. God's unchanging sovereignty brings stability to our moral universe and hope to our souls, as His perfect justice will ultimately be done either through judgment or through Christ's sacrifice for believers.